p38 MAPK
p38 MAPK are a class of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that are responsive to stress stimuli, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, heat shock, and osmotic shock, and are involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy. p38 MAPK is the mammalian orthologue of the yeast Hog1p MAP kinase, which participates in a signaling cascade controlling cellular responses to cytokines and stress. Four p38 MAP kinases, p38-α (MAPK14), -β (MAPK11), -γ (MAPK12 / ERK6), and -δ (MAPK13 / SAPK4), have been identified. Similar to the SAPK/JNK pathway, p38 MAP kinase is activated by a variety of cellular stresses including osmotic shock, inflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Ultraviolet light, and growth factors.
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TAK-715是一种p38 MAPK抑制剂，作用于p38α，IC50为7.1 nM，作用于p38α比作用于p38β选择性高28倍多，对p38γ/δ， JNK1， ERK1， IKKβ， MEKK1和TAK1没有抑制作用。
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VX-745是一种有效的，选择性p38α抑制剂，IC50为10 nM，比作用于p38β选择性高22倍，对p38γ没有抑制作用。
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SD-208是口服活性的ATP竞争性TGF-βRI抑制剂，IC50为49 nM，比对TGF-βRII和其它激酶的抑制性高100倍和17倍。
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